Political Handbook of the World: 1994-1995 : Governments and Intergovernmental Organizations As of August 1， 1994

ISBN: 9780933199101

定价: 180.00

内容简介

The effective demise of communism in 1990 and the proper names. Despite a number of international con-
fragmentationoftheSoviet Unionin 1991 triggered aseries ferences on the subject??? the problem is becoming more.
of changes in global politics of unparalleled proportions??? rather than less acute??? in part because of an increasing
With the abrupt end of the Cold War. the potential for tendency toward linguistic \"nationalization\". Thus cities
armed conflict shifted??? for the most part??? from the in- once known as keopoldvilte. Lourenqo-Marques??? and Sal-
terstate to the intrastate level??? with long simmering aspira- isbury are now styled Kinshasa??? Maputo??? and Hararc. re-
tions for ethnic self-determination erupting in dozens??? if spectively??? while the former Republic of Upper Volta is
not hundreds??? of new locations. Fleetingly??? it appeared that now Burkina Faso and Burma is Myanm ar; m addition.
the United Nations might be able to contain the ethnic throughout the Fhird World (particularly in Africa) Chris-
brushfires; instead??? it slipped almost imperceptibly from tian given names are commonly- and understandably--
the role of peacekeeper into the far more challenging task being abandoned as lingering relics of colonialism. Another
of peacemaker??? with results that to date have been mixed??? problem turns on the use o f foreshortened first names??? many
at best. In the vanguard of the UN-backed global effort??? politicians (particularly in Australasia and the Caribbean~
the United States has seemed bewildered as its humani- choosing to be known??? for example??? as \"Bob\". rather than
tarian gestures are increasingly reviled as acts of unwelcome \"Robert\"??? or \"Tom\"??? rather than \"Thomas\"??? while the Greek
intrusion??? version of \"John\" may be rendered fin ascending order of
Accompanying the apparent retreat from authoritarian- familiarity) as \"loannis\". \"Yiannis\". \"Yannis\"??? or \"Yanni\".
ism has been a global proliferation of political parties??? With And. of course??? US President Truman insisted that his legal
communism following fascismintothe dustbin of history??? name was \"Harry S Truman\" rather than \"Harry S. Tru-
autocrats of varying stripes have become pluralists or have man\"??? since the \"S\" stood as an abbreviation of nothing.
had pluralism thrust upon them. In some cases??? however??? In rendering proper names based on the Roman alpha-
the democratic explosion has given former dictators room bet. we have included relevant diacritics??? where known.
to maneuver; in others??? previously antidemocratic leaders The indexing of Spanish names has been keyed to the pa-
have been returned to power by democratic means. The ternal component; in the case of Portuguese names??? how-
highpoints of hope bracketed by the collapse of the Berlin ever??? the increasingly prevalent practice (to which we large-
Wallin 1989 and the signing of the lsraeli-Jordanian peace ly adhere) is to key to the terminal component??? even if
accord in 1994 have also witnessed a near-Malthusian maternal. Insomecases??? the\"family\"nameinthewestern
population explosioa tragically curtailed by widespread sense may be rarely??? if ever??? used??? while the given name may
famine and untreatable diseases such as AIDS and drug- be foreshortened.
resistantTB??? theuncertainprospectsofdebt-riddenless- In the transliteration of names derived from non-
advantaged economies??? and a potentially irreversible deg- Western languages??? we have attempted to strike a reason-
radation of the earth s environment??? able balance between the customary usage of the country
In attempting to assess??? in highly compressed form??? the under treatment and that of the international press. In the
past and present politicsoftheglobalcommunity??? wecon- rendering of Arabic names??? we have attempted to stan-
tinue a publishing tradition extending from 1928??? when the dardize within individual countries??? although regional and
Council on Foreign Relations issued A PoliticalHandbook other variations remain across countries. In accordance
of the World??? edited by Malcolm W??? Davis and Walter H. with currently prevailing practice??? mainland Chinese names
Mallory. Mr. Mallory became the sole editor in 1929 and are given in pinyin??? although Wade-Giles and other vari-
continued in that capacity until 1968. The present struc- ants are utilized elsewhere. On occasion??? consistency must
ture of the work is based largely on the format introduced yield to an individual s preference (if known)??? as??? in the case
by Richard P. Stebbins and Alba Areola in the 1970 edi- of Greek??? choosing between Constantine. Constantinos.
tion. Since 1975 the Handbook has been assembled at the or Konstantinos. In some cases (e.g. Burmese and Viet-
State University of New York at Binghamton??? which??? as namese) no distinction is made between \"first\" and \"last\"
of 1985??? also assumed the role of publisher??? names; in others (e.g.??? Indonesian) the name may con-
The editors have attempted to make the textual infor- tain only one element??? while in some the preferred form
mation current as of August 1??? 1994. with major develop- of address may be by the given??? rather than the family
menls through October 1 also being noted (see page iv for component.
additional details on calendar coverageJ. In 1989??? for the fifth year in a row??? no newly indepen-
A major problem facing thecompilersofa globalcom- dent territory entered the community of nations??? and it
peadium turns on the rendering of both geographic and appeared that the post-World War I1 march toward in-